Who We Are

The Center for Attachment Research (CAR)

The Center for Attachment Research (CAR) was established in 2004 with the arrival of Miriam Steele and Howard Steele to the Department of Psychology at The New School for Social Research. The center is engaged in the application of attachment theory to clinical and developmental research questions concerning child, parent, and family development. CAR initiatives involve New School for Social Research, Parsons, Lang, and other New School students and faculty, as well as ongoing collaborations with senior consultants and colleagues in New York and internationally. For more information on CAR, you may also visit the New School for Social Research website.

The Center for Attachment Research is currently engaged in a range of projects. The primary project at the moment involves studying the effectiveness of a Group Attachment Based Intervention provided to vulnerable families in the Bronx. This project is supported by and in affiliation with colleague Anne Murphy at The Early Child Care Center at The Albert Einstein College of Medicine. For more details on this project, click here.

Other projects at The Center for Attachment Research include research on the intergenerational transmission of body image, and the wide range of projects investigating non-conforming gender identities, intersectional identities, and the possible protective role against minority stress that secure attachment and reflective functioning may serve.

Directors

Howard Steele
Co-Director

Howard Steele, PhD, is Professor and Chair of Clinical Psychology, at the New School for Social Research in New York City. At the New School.  Dr. Steele co-directs (with Dr. M. Steele) the Center for Attachment Research. Howard Steele is also senior and founding editor of the international journal, Attachment and Human Development, and founding president of the Society for Emotion and Attachment Studies, www.seasintnational.org.

Miriam Steele
Co-Director

Miriam Steele, PhD, is Professor of Psychology, at the New School for Social Research where she co-directs (with Dr. H. Steele) the Center for Attachment Research. Dr. Miriam Steele is also an Anna Freud Center trained psychoanalyst.  Miriam initiated the London Parent-Child Project, a major longitudinal study of intergenerational patterns of attachment, and has also carried out longitudinal attachment research in the context of child maltreatment and adoption.

Lab Managers

Elia Goffi
Co-Manager

Elia Goffi is a doctoral student in Clinical Psychology and Co-Lab Manager at the Center for Attachment Research. She also serves as an editor for the New School Psychology Bulletin. She is involved with the Body Group’s projects investigating body representation in people with physical disabilities, the impact of social media on body representation, and perinatal reflective functioning. Her individual research focuses on the influence of gender, sexuality, and attachment on body representation. Her Master’s thesis work is exploring these experiences of embodiment and alienation in a sample of sex workers.

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Hunter Crespo
Co-Manager

Hunter Crespo is a doctoral student in Clinical Psychology and Co-Lab Manager at the Center for Attachment Research. Her MA thesis focused on attachment representations of adoptive parents in a residential treatment center context. Her current research focuses on parent-child interactions and clinician competency within the Group Attachment Based Intervention and following up the adopted children from her MA thesis as they emerge into adulthood. She is an extern at the New York Psychoanalytic Institute where she works therapeutically with children in a local public elementary school.

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Doctoral Students

Christina Panas
Doctoral Candidate

Christina Panas is a doctoral student in Clinical Psychology and was the Co-Lab Manager at the Center for Attachment Research; she also co-leads the lab’s Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB) group. She holds a research assistantship with Montefiore Medical Center, where she works with a pediatrician investigating the relationship between child development and maternal sensitivity. Her individual research integrates minority stress, objectification, and attachment theories to explore the effects of early relationships on later experiences of discrimination, shame, and embodiment among transgender and gender non-conforming individuals.

Michael Hager
Doctoral Candidate

Michael Hager Is a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology and was the Co-Lab Manager at the Center for Attachment Research lab. His research is focused on operationalizing the Group Attachment-Based Intervention’s (GABI) REARING framework of therapeutic action to measure parental sensitivity and reflective functioning within the parent-child group of GABI. He is specifically interested in observing how the parent internalizes the REARING principles and incorporates them back into the parent-child dyadic interaction. He is involved in both the Parent REARING Coding System (PRCS) and REARING Coding System (RCS) groups, and works on the dissemination efforts of GABI as a Research Assistant with Montefiore Medical Center.

Amanda Arena-Miller
Doctoral Candidate

Amanda Arena-Miller is a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology. Her research focuses on the impact of somatic practices on body representation and awareness. For Amanda's dissertation, she is focusing on the ways that engaging in differing dance modalities impact body image and interoception. 

Koret Munguldar
Doctoral Candidate

Koret Munguldar is a Doctoral Candidate in Clinical Psychology at the Center for Attachment Research. She is involved in the Body Group where she codes The Mirror Interviews, and second, she is involved in Group Attachment-Based Intervention (GABI) group where she focuses on coding clinician’s body organizing. Her present research explores the self and body experience in adolescence utilizing the Mirror Interview. Specifically, she looks at the relationship between attachment relationships, body awareness, and self-compassion in the cross-cultural context.

Kristin Lewis
Doctoral Candidate

Kristin Lewis is a Doctoral student in Clinical Psychology and Research Assistant a the Center for Attachment Research. She is involved in the Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB) group and also the dissemination of the Group Attachment Based Intervention (GABI). Her primary research focus is validating and using a clinical code expansion to the CIB rating scale in order to examine the effects of treatment on these clinical domains in the randomized control trial (RCT) of GABI.

Lindsey Myers
Doctoral Candidate

Lindsey Myers is a Doctoral student in Clinical Psychology and Research Assistant at the Center for Attachment Research. She is involved in the Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB) group, the Reflective Functioning (RF) coding group of Adult Attachment Interviews (AAI), and also the dissemination of the Group Attachment Based Intervention (GABI). Her research focuses on the potential impact of mother’s RF capabilities on the dyadic interaction between parent and child during free play sessions. It is her hope to further investigate the relationship between mother’s RF, protective factors, attachment classification, and parent-child behavior and how these factors may or may not impact retention rate of treatment for families within the randomized control trial (RCT) of GABI.

Edlyane Medina Escobar
Doctoral Candidate

Edlyane Medina Escobar is a Doctoral Candidate in Clinical Psychology and a member of the Center for Attachment Research at NSSR. She is involved in the Group Attachment Based Intervention (GABI) dissemination efforts. Her Master Thesis consisted of a thematic analysis exploring cultural beliefs related to the concept of familism in the Parent-group component of GABI. Her main interests include cultural variations in families attending GABI and how these may affect their parenting beliefs. She is interested in exploring if cultural beliefs affect attachment patterns displayed in children and their caregivers.

Jennifer Halpern
Doctoral Candidate

Jennifer Halpern is a doctoral student in Clinical Psychology and a research assistant at the Center for Attachment Research. Her main interests analyze behavioral observations of parent-child dyads during free play sessions. Her MA thesis focused on early intervention, peer play psychotherapy (PPP), parenting stress, and adverse childhood experiences. Her dissertation has two parts: 1) analyzing the longitudinal effects of PPP, and 2) adapting and revising Dr. Feldman’s Coding Interactive Behavior manual to code 5-10 year-olds free play session with their caregiver.

Kehana Bonagura
Doctoral Candidate

Kehana Bonagura is a Doctoral Candidate in Clinical Psychology and a member of the Center for Attachment Research at NSSR. She has a background in race, gender, and sexuality studies. Her Master's Thesis investigates the relationship between acceptance concerns, depressive symptoms, and attachment styles for those who identify as bisexual. Kehana's research takes an intersectional approach to understanding attachment and marginalized identities. Her primary interest is studying the attachment of those who identify as both biracial and bisexual. She is also involved in the Rearing Coding Scale (RCS) coding group. 

Anthony Boiardo
Doctoral Candidate

Anthony Boiardo is a third-year Doctoral Candidate in Clinical Psychology at the Center for Attachment Research. His research focuses on the intergenerational transmission of body representation in sexual minority men. He is particularly interested in understanding the relationship between internalized homophobia, body shame, and self-objectification in gay-identifying males. His dissertation utilizes the unique paradigm of the Mirror Interview to explore the intersection of parental and cultural influences on body representation and the Adult Attachment Interview to understand the unique effect that attachment relationships have on the development of body representation. He currently leads the weekly Body Group meetings.

Trevor Friedman
Doctoral Candidate

Trevor Friedman is a 2nd year PhD student whose research primarily focuses on clinicians' nonverbal behavior. He is part of the RCS coding group and co-leads a team that focuses on the nonverbal behaviors of clinicians working with parent-child dyads in GABI. He is also part of the Psychotherapy Research Lab, in which he researches the links between nonverbal synchrony and therapeutic alliance ruptures. Outside of school, Trevor is the Research, Development, and Training Coordinator at Embodied Mind Mental Health Counseling, a psychotherapy group practice. When he is not doing work, Trevor enjoys DJing, playing guitar, and singing in a rock band.

Hally Wolhandler
Doctoral Candidate

Hally Wolhandler is a PhD Candidate in Clinical Psychology at The New School. A researcher in the lab's Body Group, she is interested in how attachment affects body awareness. Her current research examines the contribution of visual art experience to interoception and Reflective Functioning in college students. She has also worked for the Group Attachment Based Intervention (GABI) as both a research assistant and clinical volunteer.

Kathryn LeNeave
Doctoral Candidate

Kathryn LeNeave is a Doctoral Candidate in Clinical psychology at the Center for Attachment Research. She works on the group attachment based intervention (GABI) organizing and coding clinician supervision from the intervention sites. Her research focuses on how maternal stress and adversity, both past and present, can impact dyadic interactions between mother and child. Additionally, Kathryn is a reliable coder of the Strange Situation Procedure.

Nicole Petrovich Brennan
Doctoral Candidate

Nicole Brennan is a PhD Candidate in Clinical Psychology at NSSR. She came to The New School from a previous career in Neuroscience and fMRI. Her interests are interdisciplinary, spanning  neuroscience, attachment and psychoanalysis.  Her PhD dissertation looks at the effects of adverse childhood experiences on emotion regulation in the brain and adult attachment representations. It suggests a neurobiological mechanism for hypervigilance to threat. Nicole has a particular interest in neuropsychoanalysis across the lifespan.

Alden Farrar
Doctoral Candidate

Alden Farrar is a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology working on the training and implementation of remote Problem Management Plus (PM+) for community-based organizations. His MA thesis assessed the feasibility of a peer-to-peer intervention supporting Ugandan LGBTQ+ human rights defenders. He also codes consensual qualitative research (CQR) for a study of colonial mentality in Puerto Ricans. His main research interests focus on increasing global access to mental health care for children and adolescents through task sharing and community mental health models.

Grace Hartmann Drylewski
Doctoral Candidate

Grace Hartmann Drylewski is a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology and a member of the Center for Attachment Research. She is involved with the Group Attachment Based Intervention (GABI) and Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB) groups. Child development is the cornerstone of her research, specifically the pivotal role of social-emotional development, the effects of early childhood adversity, as well as the importance of developmental surveillance and early interventions. Her Master’s Thesis investigates the validity of a novel observational measure for monitoring child development.

Xiqiao Chen
Doctoral Candidate

Xiqiao Chen (Pronounced She-Chow) is a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology with broad interdisciplinary research interests focused on attachment, clinical training, psychoanalysis, culture, gender, and sexuality. Her master’s thesis focuses on developing innovative, engaging virtual tools for clinical training. She is also the lab manager of the Safran Center Research Group and a member of the Frantz Fanon Lab for Intersectional Psychology.

Cordelia Baum
Doctoral Candidate

Cordelia Baum is a doctoral student broadly interested in how attachment relates to intergenerational transmission of parent-child interactions and child maltreatment risk, as well as the role of attachment in the formation of personality disorders. She is a member of the REARING Coding System Group, the Parent REARING Coding System Group, the Reflective Functioning (RF) Coding Group, and the Coding Interactive Behavior GABI Project.

Master’s Students

Marissa Pizziferro
Master's Student

Marissa Pizziferro is an incoming second year Psychology MA student in the Center for Attachment Research. Her research focuses broadly on individuals' sense of self through the lens of reflective functioning, intergenerational transmission of attachment, relationship to one's body, and defensive maneuvers. She's currently a member of the Body Group, the Reflective Functioning Coding Group, the Parent REARING Coding Group, and the Child Development Coding Group.

Gabriela Bronfman
Master's Student

Gabriela Bronfman is a Master’s student pursuing a Concentration in Mental Health and Substance Abuse Counseling. Her research interests include attachment and the relationship between the self and the body, particularly among individuals with physical disabilities. She is a member of the REARING Coding System Group, the Parent REARING Coding System Group, the Body Group, and the RF Coding Group. She leads a monthly working group on Inclusivity and Physical Disabilities, co-run with lab member Edo Gur. Prior to starting at The New School, Gabriela received her MBA from Wharton at the University of Pennsylvania.

Amie Bensusan
Master’s Student

Amie Bensusan is a Master’s student in clinical psychology. Her research interests include the effects of maternal playfulness on the parent-child relationship. Amie is involved in the Rearing Coding Scale (RCS) group, the Parent Rearing Coding Scale (PRCS) group and the Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB) group.

Edo Gur
Master's Student

Edo Gur is a 2nd year Master’s student in clinical psychology and is pursuing the Concentration in Mental Health and Substance Abuse Counseling. Stemming out of his involvement in the the lab’s Body Group, Edo’s research interest focuses on exploring body representations of individuals with physical disabilities (IPD). Edo is interested in the utilization of the Mirror Interview (MI) and the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) to better understand the complex interactions between a physically disabled individual and their caregiver(s), while discerning the parental and cultural influences on distinct bodily attitudes among this unique population. In tandem to his involvement in the Body Group, Edo is also involved in the Reflective Functioning (RF) coding group of AAIs and the Parent REARING Coding System (PRCS).

Sidney Ender
Master’s Student

Sidney Ender is a Master’s Student involved in the Body Group and the Rearing Coding Scale (RCS) group. 

Hannah Maté
Master's Student

Hannah Maté is an MA psychology student on the Substance Abuse Counseling track. She completed an MA in Counseling Psychology & Drama Therapy at CIIS, before working as a play therapist. Hannah is currently part of the Parent Rearing Coding Scale group, the Coding Interactive Behavior group, and the Child Development Coding Group. Hannah is passionate about the intersection between social justice and attachment, co-facilitating the “Attachment and Global Issues Research Collective” with fellow lab member Marissa Pizziferro. 

Danielle Bryson
Master's Student

Danielle Bryson is a master’s student in Psychology. She holds an M.A. in Child Development from Sarah Lawrence College. Her current research interests include longitudinal attachment research as it relates to adoptive families and investigating the effects disrupted affective communication in parent-child dyads. An interest in global mental health and attachment has also led her to collaborate with a nonprofit organization in Ghana to develop an intervention for local families of children with special needs. She is a member of the REARING (RCS) Coding System group, the Parent REARING (PRCS) Coding System group, the Reflective Functioning (RF) Coding group of AAIs, and the Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB) group.

 

Research Associates
& Visiting Scholars

Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg
Visiting Scholar & Research Associate

Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg examines parenting and child development with a focus on attachment and emotion regulation in parents and their children. Together with Marinus van IJzendoorn and Femmie Juffer she developed the Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD), for which she was also one of the try-out mothers with her then 6-month-old son. A recent meta-analysis including 25 studies showed the effectiveness of the VIPP-SD program for enhancing sensitive parenting and attachment security. Child externalizing behavior is affected to a lesser extent. In another project, she examined with her team the transition to fatherhood. A series of randomized controlled trials on fathers in the transition to fatherhood revealed hormonal, behavioral, and neural changes, sometimes as a result of the transition to fatherhood, sometimes as a result of the interventions that were implemented: prenatal video-feedback using ultrasounds (VIPP-PRE), or the use of a soft baby carrier or infant seat. But not all children grow up in family care. About 7.5 million children grow up in institutions. With a Lancet Group Commission she published an overview of the evidence regarding the effects of institutionalization and de-institutionalization on child development, and policy and practice recommendations. The data show that (biological, foster, or adoption) family care is essential for development and should be supported. And that is exactly what the Center for Attachment Research at NSSR does, and why she is proud to be part of the team.

Ragnhild Bruland
Visiting Scholar

Ragnhild (Ragz) Bruland earned her PhD in Research Psychology (Spring 2021) and is Visiting Scholar/Post-Doctoral Fellow of the Center for Attachment Research at NSSR. She was involved in the Lab during her MA studies where she focused her energy helping out in the research group: Relationships for Growth and Learning doing assessments with children at Daycare Centers, and transcription work. She continued helping out with the Body Group during her PhD studies. Ragnhild Bruland's research interests include the ways in which dance influences resilience and coping mechanisms for youth. Her dissertation focused on exploring the qualities and efficacy of dance mentoring programs using a mixed method approach. She is the co-founder of the Flex Dance Program, an arts education initiative founded in 2014 that fosters positive growth among young people in difficult circumstances through creative mentorship and dance. The New York-based program consists of two formats. The first, FlexIN, is an onsite service provided in facilities such as secure detention centers and foster care, while FlexOUT, provides free workshops for high school students in community centers and schools. Since COVID-19 FDP included online sessions and events engaging youth globally through the power of dance (www.flexdanceprogram.org).

Shobhali Thapa
Research Associate

Shobhali Thapa works as a trainer, facilitator, and guide. She studied psychology honors from Delhi University, is trained as a certifiable coach by Coach For Life, USA, & is certified in Arts-Based Therapy practice. In her practice, she uses a variety of modalities, from somatic and trauma resolution work to ancient spiritual practices with a transpersonal approach, to support people in creating their own self-healing toolkits. Her research interests lie in understanding models to develop secure adult attachment patterns.

Alumni

Kelsey Armusewicz
Alumni

Kelsey Armusewicz was a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology and a senior research assistant working on the pragmatic clinical trial of the Group Attachment Based Intervention (GABI). Her research focused on coding clinician competence in GABI and measuring the effects of training on later clinician performance in the therapeutic model. She co-led the development of an online training course for the dissemination of GABI and is also interested in the implications of using competency measures in the dissemination and implementation process.

Amanda Helmers
Alumni
Amanda Helmers was a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology working at the Center for Attachment Research. Her research interests include the clinical applications of attachment theory and the dynamics between Reflective Functioning, self regulation, and mental representations of relationships. She is a reliable coder of Reflective Functioning and her Master's thesis examined school teacher’s Reflective Functioning in relation to stress and burnout.
Lorena Lopez
Alumni

Lorena Lopez was a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology at the Center for Attachment Research. She was focused on the dissemination efforts of the Group Attachment Based Intervention (GABI) to all five boroughs of New York. Her main research interests included studying the effectiveness of the GABI clinical training, and understanding how GABI fosters playfulness in the children attending the groups.

Jessica DelNero
Alumni

Jessica DelNero was a Doctoral Candidate in Clinical Psychology at the Center for Attachment Research. She was involved in the Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB) group and also the dissemination of the Group Attachment Based Intervention (GABI). Her Master Thesis focused on the CIB of the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of GABI. Specifically she looked at the interaction between parenting stress and parent and child behavior between the two intervention groups.

Audrey Kucer
Alumni

Audrey Kucer was a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology working on the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the Group Attachment-Based Intervention (GABI) and its dissemination to multiple sites in the New York area. Her research focused on identifying changes in self-control in toddlers undergoing treatment in GABI. She also managed data collected from the RCT and incoming data from new GABI sites.

Aniella Perold
Alumni

Aniella Perold was a doctoral candidate in Clinical Psychology. Her research focused on the influence of attachment relationships on the development of body image. She hopes to identify some of the particular facets of mothers' own body representations and caregiving behavior that influence children's awareness of, and attitudes toward, their bodies. Aniella is also a reliable coder of Reflective Functioning in the Adult Attachment Interview.